Technical Specifications
The National Active Mobility Bill establishes evidence-based infrastructure standards derived from international best practices and adapted for Indian urban contexts.
Pedestrian Infrastructure Standards
| Minimum Footpath Width | 2.0m clear width (3.0m in high-traffic areas) |
| Surface Material | Slip-resistant, even, well-maintained |
| Gradient | Maximum 1:12 (8.3%) for accessibility |
| Crossings | Tactile paving, refuge islands, signal priority |
| Shade Coverage | Tree canopy or structural shade every 50m |
| Lighting | Minimum 20 lux at ground level |
Based on IRC 103-2012, CROW Design Manual, and Singapore URA guidelines
Cycling Infrastructure Standards
| Protected Lane Width | 1.8m minimum (2.5m for bi-directional) |
| Physical Separation | Concrete barrier, planter, or 0.5m buffer |
| Surface Quality | Smooth asphalt, no potholes > 25mm |
| Intersection Treatment | Protected signals, advanced stop boxes |
| Parking | 1 secure space per 100m² near transit |
| Signage | Lane markings every 50m, wayfinding at intersections |
Based on NACTO Urban Bikeway Design Guide, CROW Fietsberaad standards
Research Methodology
Our recommendations are based on quantitative analysis of 14 global cities and peer-reviewed research.
Data Sources
- 14 international cities (Copenhagen, Amsterdam, Paris, Barcelona, Singapore, Tokyo, etc.)
- ITDP Protected Bicycle Lane Network Impact Model
- CROW Fietsberaad (Netherlands Cycling Knowledge Centre)
- NACTO Urban Street Design Guide
- WHO Global Road Safety Reports
- Indian MoRTH crash statistics (2020-2025)
Impact Calculation
CO₂ Reduction Formula:
CO₂ saved = (PKT shifted from cars × 120g/km) + (PKT from motorcycles × 80g/km) - (PKT by bicycle × 5g/km)
Health Benefits:
Based on Bogotá ratio: 300 deaths prevented per 500km of protected lanes (0.6 deaths/km)
Economic ROI:
Travel time savings + health benefits = 238% annual return
Key Metrics
- Modal Share: % of trips by bicycle/walking
- Infrastructure Density: km of protected lanes per 100k population
- Investment per Capita: Annual spending on active mobility
- Casualty Reduction: % decrease in pedestrian/cyclist deaths
- Air Quality Index: PM2.5 and NO₂ changes
International Benchmarks
Comparative analysis of cities with successful active mobility policies
| City | Modal Share | Infrastructure (km) | Investment | Key Legislation | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Copenhagen | 45% | 380+ km | DKK 1,600 per capita | Traffic Law 1932, Municipal cycling policy | 2014 |
| Amsterdam | 27% | 400+ km (city) | EUR 140 per capita | CROW Fietsberaad standards | 2020 |
| Bogotá | 8% | 600 km ciclorrutas | $130M (500km network) | Urban Mobility Plan 2013-2018 | 2013 |
| Singapore | 1% | 440 km (target: 1,000 km) | SGD 1B over 10 years | Active Mobility Act 2017 | 2017 |
| Paris | 5% | Expanding during roadworks | EUR 250M (2021-2026) | Loi d'Orientation des Mobilités 2019 | 2019 |
| Tokyo | 14% | National bike promotion plan | JPY 6.1B (2024) | Act on Promotion of Use of Bicycles | 2026 |
Download Resources
Technical documents, data, and implementation guides
National Active Mobility Bill 2026
Complete draft legislation with 77 defined terms, 19 chapters, institutional framework
Download DOCXKarnataka Active Mobility Bill 2022
State-level draft bill that served as foundation for national legislation
Download PDFITDP Impact Model
Protected Bicycle Lane Network Impact Model - calculate CO₂, ROI, health benefits
Download ExcelCity Comparison Data
14 international cities: modal share, investment, infrastructure, policies (JSON format)
View Interactive TableIndian Cities Calculator
Estimate impact for Bengaluru, Delhi, Mumbai, Pune, Chennai, Hyderabad
Use CalculatorKey Research & Citations
Academic and policy sources informing the bill
- CROW. (2016). Design Manual for Bicycle Traffic. Netherlands: CROW Fietsberaad.
- NACTO. (2014). Urban Bikeway Design Guide. New York: National Association of City Transportation Officials.
- IRC 103-2012. Guidelines for Pedestrian Facilities. Indian Roads Congress.
- Buehler, R., & Pucher, J. (2021). "Cycling through the COVID-19 Pandemic." Transport Reviews, 41(4), 393-396.
- ITDP. (2022). Protected Bicycle Lane Network Impact Model. Institute for Transportation & Development Policy.
- WHO. (2018). Global Status Report on Road Safety 2018. World Health Organization.
- Götschi, T., et al. (2016). "Contrasts in Active Transport Behaviour across Four Countries." Transport Policy, 45, 177-185.
- Mueller, N., et al. (2018). "Health impact assessment of cycling network expansions in European cities." Preventive Medicine, 109, 62-70.
- Fast Company. (2022). "Protected bike lanes can help cities cut emissions: Bogotá's $130 million investment proves it." Link
- Cavill, N., et al. (2008). "Economic analyses of transport infrastructure and policies including health effects related to cycling and walking." Transport Policy, 15(5), 291-304.
- ECF. (2018). EU Cycling Strategy: Recommendations for Delivering Green Growth and an Effective Mobility System in 2030. European Cyclists' Federation.
- Singapore. (2017). Active Mobility Act 2017. Parliament of Singapore.
- France. (2019). Loi d'Orientation des Mobilités (LOM). French Parliament.
- Denmark. (1932/2022). Traffic Law & National Cycling Strategy. Danish Road Directorate.
- Pucher, J., & Buehler, R. (2008). "Making Cycling Irresistible: Lessons from The Netherlands, Denmark and Germany." Transport Reviews, 28(4), 495-528.
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